[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2161},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fhandling-ansi-escape-codes-on-windows-consoles\u002F":3,"content-directory":1316},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":1300,"description":1301,"difficulty":1302,"draft":1303,"extension":1304,"meta":1305,"navigation":158,"path":1306,"seo":1307,"stem":1308,"tags":1309,"updated":1300,"__hash__":1315},"content\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fhandling-ansi-escape-codes-on-windows-consoles\u002Findex.md","Handling ANSI Escape Codes on Windows Consoles",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1278},"minimark",[9,37,42,56,60,64,75,78,82,87,106,110,117,493,500,510,513,517,529,670,685,689,692,780,791,795,841,844,848,851,1147,1154,1158,1171,1175,1179,1186,1194,1201,1205,1216,1220,1223,1227,1241,1245,1274],[10,11,12,13,17,18,22,23,26,27,30,31,36],"p",{},"A Windows user runs your CLI and sends a screenshot: instead of a green \"ok\", the output reads ",[14,15,16],"code",{},"←[32mok←[0m",". The escape sequences your tool emits for colour — the ANSI\u002FVT100 control codes every Linux and macOS terminal understands — are being printed literally. Modern Windows can interpret them, but only when a console mode flag called ",[19,20,21],"em",{},"virtual terminal processing"," is enabled, and whether it is depends on the host: Windows Terminal turns it on, the classic console host (",[14,24,25],{},"conhost.exe",") behind older ",[14,28,29],{},"cmd.exe"," and PowerShell windows often does not, and output redirected to a file never interprets anything. This guide explains the mechanism, shows when Rich, Click and colorama handle it for you, how to enable it yourself for raw escape codes, how to keep escape codes out of files and pipes, and how to test the logic on any platform. It belongs to the ",[32,33,35],"a",{"href":34},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002F","cross-platform terminal topic",".",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[43,44,45,53],"ul",{},[46,47,48,49,52],"li",{},"A CLI that emits colour, either through a library or as raw ",[14,50,51],{},"\\x1b[...m"," sequences.",[46,54,55],{},"Access to a Windows machine (or a CI runner) to confirm the behaviour, since Linux and macOS terminals always interpret the codes.",[38,57,59],{"id":58},"why-the-codes-appear","Why the codes appear",[61,62],"inline-diagram",{"name":63},"ansi-windows-paths",[10,65,66,67,70,71,74],{},"On Windows 10 and later, the console host can parse VT sequences — colours, cursor movement, clearing lines — but only for a console handle whose mode includes ",[14,68,69],{},"ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING",". Windows Terminal (the default terminal on Windows 11) enables it for every program; the legacy console host leaves it to the program to enable. When it is off, the escape character is shown as a glyph (often ",[14,72,73],{},"←",") followed by the rest of the sequence. Very old Windows versions cannot interpret the codes at all; there, colour must go through the Win32 console API or not happen.",[10,76,77],{},"The fix is to enable the flag on the console handles the program writes to, early, once — or to use a library that does.",[38,79,81],{"id":80},"the-recipe","The recipe",[83,84,86],"h3",{"id":85},"if-you-use-rich-click-or-typer","If you use Rich, Click or Typer",[10,88,89,90,93,94,97,98,101,102,105],{},"Rich detects the Windows console and either enables VT processing or falls back to the legacy Win32 API, so Rich output — and therefore Typer's help and errors — is correct without extra work. Click is more hands-off: ",[14,91,92],{},"click.echo"," strips styles when output is not a terminal, but current Click versions no longer depend on colorama, so on a legacy Windows console the styled text from ",[14,95,96],{},"click.style"," needs VT processing enabled, as below. In practice, the escape-code problem appears when code writes raw sequences with ",[14,99,100],{},"print()"," or ",[14,103,104],{},"sys.stdout.write()",", or uses a small colour helper that assumes a POSIX terminal.",[83,107,109],{"id":108},"enabling-virtual-terminal-processing-yourself","Enabling virtual terminal processing yourself",[10,111,112,113,116],{},"For code that writes escape codes directly, enable the console mode at startup. The standard library has no function for it, so use ",[14,114,115],{},"ctypes",":",[118,119,124],"pre",{"className":120,"code":121,"language":122,"meta":123,"style":123},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fwinconsole.py\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport os\nimport sys\n\nENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 0x0004\nSTD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11\nSTD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12\n\n\ndef enable_vt_mode() -> bool:\n    \"\"\"Enable ANSI escape processing on Windows consoles. Returns True if VT is usable.\"\"\"\n    if os.name != \"nt\":\n        return True                              # POSIX terminals always interpret VT codes\n    import ctypes\n    from ctypes import wintypes\n\n    kernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL(\"kernel32\", use_last_error=True)\n    ok = True\n    for handle_id in (STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, STD_ERROR_HANDLE):\n        handle = kernel32.GetStdHandle(handle_id)\n        mode = wintypes.DWORD()\n        if not kernel32.GetConsoleMode(handle, ctypes.byref(mode)):\n            ok = False                           # not a console (redirected) or no console\n            continue\n        if not mode.value & ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING:\n            if not kernel32.SetConsoleMode(handle, mode.value | ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING):\n                ok = False                       # very old Windows: VT not supported\n    return ok\n","python","",[14,125,126,135,153,160,169,177,182,196,210,223,228,233,252,259,276,288,297,311,316,346,357,381,392,403,415,429,435,453,471,484],{"__ignoreMap":123},[127,128,131],"span",{"class":129,"line":130},"line",1,[127,132,134],{"class":133},"sJ8bj","# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fwinconsole.py\n",[127,136,138,142,146,149],{"class":129,"line":137},2,[127,139,141],{"class":140},"szBVR","from",[127,143,145],{"class":144},"sj4cs"," __future__",[127,147,148],{"class":140}," import",[127,150,152],{"class":151},"sVt8B"," annotations\n",[127,154,156],{"class":129,"line":155},3,[127,157,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},true,"\n",[127,161,163,166],{"class":129,"line":162},4,[127,164,165],{"class":140},"import",[127,167,168],{"class":151}," os\n",[127,170,172,174],{"class":129,"line":171},5,[127,173,165],{"class":140},[127,175,176],{"class":151}," sys\n",[127,178,180],{"class":129,"line":179},6,[127,181,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,183,185,187,190,193],{"class":129,"line":184},7,[127,186,69],{"class":144},[127,188,189],{"class":140}," =",[127,191,192],{"class":140}," 0x",[127,194,195],{"class":144},"0004\n",[127,197,199,202,204,207],{"class":129,"line":198},8,[127,200,201],{"class":144},"STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE",[127,203,189],{"class":140},[127,205,206],{"class":140}," -",[127,208,209],{"class":144},"11\n",[127,211,213,216,218,220],{"class":129,"line":212},9,[127,214,215],{"class":144},"STD_ERROR_HANDLE",[127,217,189],{"class":140},[127,219,206],{"class":140},[127,221,222],{"class":144},"12\n",[127,224,226],{"class":129,"line":225},10,[127,227,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,229,231],{"class":129,"line":230},11,[127,232,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,234,236,239,243,246,249],{"class":129,"line":235},12,[127,237,238],{"class":140},"def",[127,240,242],{"class":241},"sScJk"," enable_vt_mode",[127,244,245],{"class":151},"() -> ",[127,247,248],{"class":144},"bool",[127,250,251],{"class":151},":\n",[127,253,255],{"class":129,"line":254},13,[127,256,258],{"class":257},"sZZnC","    \"\"\"Enable ANSI escape processing on Windows consoles. Returns True if VT is usable.\"\"\"\n",[127,260,262,265,268,271,274],{"class":129,"line":261},14,[127,263,264],{"class":140},"    if",[127,266,267],{"class":151}," os.name ",[127,269,270],{"class":140},"!=",[127,272,273],{"class":257}," \"nt\"",[127,275,251],{"class":151},[127,277,279,282,285],{"class":129,"line":278},15,[127,280,281],{"class":140},"        return",[127,283,284],{"class":144}," True",[127,286,287],{"class":133},"                              # POSIX terminals always interpret VT codes\n",[127,289,291,294],{"class":129,"line":290},16,[127,292,293],{"class":140},"    import",[127,295,296],{"class":151}," ctypes\n",[127,298,300,303,306,308],{"class":129,"line":299},17,[127,301,302],{"class":140},"    from",[127,304,305],{"class":151}," ctypes ",[127,307,165],{"class":140},[127,309,310],{"class":151}," wintypes\n",[127,312,314],{"class":129,"line":313},18,[127,315,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,317,319,322,325,328,331,334,338,340,343],{"class":129,"line":318},19,[127,320,321],{"class":151},"    kernel32 ",[127,323,324],{"class":140},"=",[127,326,327],{"class":151}," ctypes.WinDLL(",[127,329,330],{"class":257},"\"kernel32\"",[127,332,333],{"class":151},", ",[127,335,337],{"class":336},"s4XuR","use_last_error",[127,339,324],{"class":140},[127,341,342],{"class":144},"True",[127,344,345],{"class":151},")\n",[127,347,349,352,354],{"class":129,"line":348},20,[127,350,351],{"class":151},"    ok ",[127,353,324],{"class":140},[127,355,356],{"class":144}," True\n",[127,358,360,363,366,369,372,374,376,378],{"class":129,"line":359},21,[127,361,362],{"class":140},"    for",[127,364,365],{"class":151}," handle_id ",[127,367,368],{"class":140},"in",[127,370,371],{"class":151}," (",[127,373,201],{"class":144},[127,375,333],{"class":151},[127,377,215],{"class":144},[127,379,380],{"class":151},"):\n",[127,382,384,387,389],{"class":129,"line":383},22,[127,385,386],{"class":151},"        handle ",[127,388,324],{"class":140},[127,390,391],{"class":151}," kernel32.GetStdHandle(handle_id)\n",[127,393,395,398,400],{"class":129,"line":394},23,[127,396,397],{"class":151},"        mode ",[127,399,324],{"class":140},[127,401,402],{"class":151}," wintypes.DWORD()\n",[127,404,406,409,412],{"class":129,"line":405},24,[127,407,408],{"class":140},"        if",[127,410,411],{"class":140}," not",[127,413,414],{"class":151}," kernel32.GetConsoleMode(handle, ctypes.byref(mode)):\n",[127,416,418,421,423,426],{"class":129,"line":417},25,[127,419,420],{"class":151},"            ok ",[127,422,324],{"class":140},[127,424,425],{"class":144}," False",[127,427,428],{"class":133},"                           # not a console (redirected) or no console\n",[127,430,432],{"class":129,"line":431},26,[127,433,434],{"class":140},"            continue\n",[127,436,438,440,442,445,448,451],{"class":129,"line":437},27,[127,439,408],{"class":140},[127,441,411],{"class":140},[127,443,444],{"class":151}," mode.value ",[127,446,447],{"class":140},"&",[127,449,450],{"class":144}," ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING",[127,452,251],{"class":151},[127,454,456,459,461,464,467,469],{"class":129,"line":455},28,[127,457,458],{"class":140},"            if",[127,460,411],{"class":140},[127,462,463],{"class":151}," kernel32.SetConsoleMode(handle, mode.value ",[127,465,466],{"class":140},"|",[127,468,450],{"class":144},[127,470,380],{"class":151},[127,472,474,477,479,481],{"class":129,"line":473},29,[127,475,476],{"class":151},"                ok ",[127,478,324],{"class":140},[127,480,425],{"class":144},[127,482,483],{"class":133},"                       # very old Windows: VT not supported\n",[127,485,487,490],{"class":129,"line":486},30,[127,488,489],{"class":140},"    return",[127,491,492],{"class":151}," ok\n",[10,494,495,496,499],{},"Call it once in your entry point, before writing anything coloured. It changes only the current console's mode, and only for handles that are actually consoles; when output is redirected, ",[14,497,498],{},"GetConsoleMode"," fails and the function reports that VT is not usable there — which is the right answer, because a file should not receive escape codes anyway.",[10,501,502,503,505,506,509],{},"If you prefer a dependency to ",[14,504,115],{},", colorama's ",[14,507,508],{},"just_fix_windows_console()"," does the same job (enabling VT where possible and translating codes on very old systems), and is a no-op on other platforms.",[61,511],{"name":512},"ansi-terminal",[83,514,516],{"id":515},"keep-escape-codes-out-of-files-and-pipes","Keep escape codes out of files and pipes",[10,518,519,520,523,524,528],{},"Enabling VT processing solves the console; it does nothing for ",[14,521,522],{},"mytool report > report.txt",", where escape codes end up in the file on every platform. The general rule from ",[32,525,527],{"href":526},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Frespecting-no-color-and-force-color\u002F","respecting NO_COLOR and FORCE_COLOR"," applies: only emit colour when the stream is a terminal. For text that already contains codes — output captured from a subprocess, for example — strip them before writing to a file:",[118,530,532],{"className":120,"code":531,"language":122,"meta":123,"style":123},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fansi.py\nimport re\n\n_ANSI = re.compile(r\"\\x1b\\[[0-?]*[ -\u002F]*[@-~]|\\x1b\\][^\\x07\\x1b]*(?:\\x07|\\x1b\\\\)\")\n\n\ndef strip_ansi(text: str) -> str:\n    \"\"\"Remove CSI sequences (colours, cursor moves) and OSC sequences (titles, links).\"\"\"\n    return _ANSI.sub(\"\", text)\n",[14,533,534,539,546,550,621,625,629,649,654],{"__ignoreMap":123},[127,535,536],{"class":129,"line":130},[127,537,538],{"class":133},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002Fansi.py\n",[127,540,541,543],{"class":129,"line":137},[127,542,165],{"class":140},[127,544,545],{"class":151}," re\n",[127,547,548],{"class":129,"line":155},[127,549,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,551,552,555,557,560,563,566,570,573,576,579,581,584,586,589,592,595,598,601,603,606,609,611,614,617,619],{"class":129,"line":162},[127,553,554],{"class":144},"_ANSI",[127,556,189],{"class":140},[127,558,559],{"class":151}," re.compile(",[127,561,562],{"class":140},"r",[127,564,565],{"class":257},"\"",[127,567,569],{"class":568},"snhLl","\\x1b\\[",[127,571,572],{"class":144},"[0-?]",[127,574,575],{"class":140},"*",[127,577,578],{"class":144},"[ -\u002F]",[127,580,575],{"class":140},[127,582,583],{"class":144},"[@-~]",[127,585,466],{"class":140},[127,587,588],{"class":568},"\\x1b\\]",[127,590,591],{"class":144},"[",[127,593,594],{"class":140},"^",[127,596,597],{"class":568},"\\x07\\x1b",[127,599,600],{"class":144},"]",[127,602,575],{"class":140},[127,604,605],{"class":144},"(?:",[127,607,608],{"class":568},"\\x07",[127,610,466],{"class":140},[127,612,613],{"class":568},"\\x1b\\\\",[127,615,616],{"class":144},")",[127,618,565],{"class":257},[127,620,345],{"class":151},[127,622,623],{"class":129,"line":171},[127,624,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,626,627],{"class":129,"line":179},[127,628,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,630,631,633,636,639,642,645,647],{"class":129,"line":184},[127,632,238],{"class":140},[127,634,635],{"class":241}," strip_ansi",[127,637,638],{"class":151},"(text: ",[127,640,641],{"class":144},"str",[127,643,644],{"class":151},") -> ",[127,646,641],{"class":144},[127,648,251],{"class":151},[127,650,651],{"class":129,"line":198},[127,652,653],{"class":257},"    \"\"\"Remove CSI sequences (colours, cursor moves) and OSC sequences (titles, links).\"\"\"\n",[127,655,656,658,661,664,667],{"class":129,"line":212},[127,657,489],{"class":140},[127,659,660],{"class":144}," _ANSI",[127,662,663],{"class":151},".sub(",[127,665,666],{"class":257},"\"\"",[127,668,669],{"class":151},", text)\n",[10,671,672,673,676,677,680,681,684],{},"The pattern covers CSI sequences (",[14,674,675],{},"ESC ["," … final byte), which include all colour and cursor codes, and OSC sequences (",[14,678,679],{},"ESC ]"," … terminator), which terminals use for window titles and hyperlinks. Rich's ",[14,682,683],{},"Text.from_ansi(...).plain"," does the same if Rich is already a dependency.",[83,686,688],{"id":687},"where-to-call-it","Where to call it",[10,690,691],{},"The right place is the very start of the program — the console-script entry function — before any output and before importing modules that might print. Calling it inside a command is too late for anything printed during startup, and calling it in several places is harmless but untidy:",[118,693,695],{"className":120,"code":694,"language":122,"meta":123,"style":123},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py\nfrom mytool.winconsole import enable_vt_mode\n\n\ndef main() -> None:\n    vt_ok = enable_vt_mode()\n    from mytool.cli import app                  # import after the console is configured\n    app(obj={\"color\": vt_ok})\n",[14,696,697,702,714,718,722,736,746,761],{"__ignoreMap":123},[127,698,699],{"class":129,"line":130},[127,700,701],{"class":133},"# src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py\n",[127,703,704,706,709,711],{"class":129,"line":137},[127,705,141],{"class":140},[127,707,708],{"class":151}," mytool.winconsole ",[127,710,165],{"class":140},[127,712,713],{"class":151}," enable_vt_mode\n",[127,715,716],{"class":129,"line":155},[127,717,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,719,720],{"class":129,"line":162},[127,721,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,723,724,726,729,731,734],{"class":129,"line":171},[127,725,238],{"class":140},[127,727,728],{"class":241}," main",[127,730,245],{"class":151},[127,732,733],{"class":144},"None",[127,735,251],{"class":151},[127,737,738,741,743],{"class":129,"line":179},[127,739,740],{"class":151},"    vt_ok ",[127,742,324],{"class":140},[127,744,745],{"class":151}," enable_vt_mode()\n",[127,747,748,750,753,755,758],{"class":129,"line":184},[127,749,302],{"class":140},[127,751,752],{"class":151}," mytool.cli ",[127,754,165],{"class":140},[127,756,757],{"class":151}," app                  ",[127,759,760],{"class":133},"# import after the console is configured\n",[127,762,763,766,769,771,774,777],{"class":129,"line":198},[127,764,765],{"class":151},"    app(",[127,767,768],{"class":336},"obj",[127,770,324],{"class":140},[127,772,773],{"class":151},"{",[127,775,776],{"class":257},"\"color\"",[127,778,779],{"class":151},": vt_ok})\n",[10,781,782,783,786,787,36],{},"Passing the result into the application lets the colour decision combine all the inputs — whether VT works, whether the stream is a terminal, ",[14,784,785],{},"NO_COLOR"," — in one place, as in the output policy from ",[32,788,790],{"href":789},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fsupporting-dumb-terminals-and-screen-readers\u002F","supporting dumb terminals and screen readers",[38,792,794],{"id":793},"ux-considerations","UX considerations",[43,796,797,807,821,827],{},[46,798,799,803,804,806],{},[800,801,802],"strong",{},"Prefer a library over raw codes."," Rich and Click already handle detection, Windows and ",[14,805,785],{},"; hand-written escape codes re-create every one of these bugs.",[46,808,809,812,813,816,817,820],{},[800,810,811],{},"Fail gracefully."," If ",[14,814,815],{},"enable_vt_mode()"," returns ",[14,818,819],{},"False"," on a console, switch colour off rather than printing garbage.",[46,822,823,826],{},[800,824,825],{},"Mention Windows Terminal in docs."," Users on the legacy console get a noticeably better experience in Windows Terminal; saying so in troubleshooting docs saves support time.",[46,828,829,832,833,836,837,36],{},[800,830,831],{},"Test on real Windows."," A CI job on ",[14,834,835],{},"windows-latest"," running the CLI and capturing output catches regressions, as in ",[32,838,840],{"href":839},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fci-cd-pipelines-for-python-clis\u002Frunning-cli-tests-on-windows-and-macos-runners\u002F","running CLI tests on Windows and macOS runners",[61,842],{"name":843},"ansi-options",[38,845,847],{"id":846},"testing-the-behaviour","Testing the behaviour",[10,849,850],{},"The stripping function and the platform branch are testable anywhere; the Windows API path is best exercised on a Windows runner:",[118,852,854],{"className":120,"code":853,"language":122,"meta":123,"style":123},"# tests\u002Ftest_ansi.py\nimport os\nimport sys\n\nimport pytest\n\nfrom mytool.ansi import strip_ansi\nfrom mytool.winconsole import enable_vt_mode\n\n\ndef test_strips_colours_cursor_moves_and_links():\n    text = (\"\\x1b[32mok\\x1b[0m \\x1b[2K\\x1b[1Gdone \"\n            \"\\x1b]8;;https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\\x1b\\\\link\\x1b]8;;\\x1b\\\\\")\n    assert strip_ansi(text) == \"ok done link\"\n\n\ndef test_plain_text_is_untouched():\n    assert strip_ansi(\"50% [done] ~\u002Fa.txt\") == \"50% [done] ~\u002Fa.txt\"\n\n\n@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name == \"nt\", reason=\"POSIX behaviour\")\ndef test_posix_always_supports_vt():\n    assert enable_vt_mode() is True\n\n\n@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != \"nt\", reason=\"needs a Windows console\")\ndef test_windows_redirected_output_reports_no_console():\n    # Under pytest, stdout is captured (not a console), so VT is reported unusable.\n    assert enable_vt_mode() is False or sys.stdout.isatty()\n",[14,855,856,861,867,873,877,884,888,900,910,914,918,928,960,986,1000,1004,1008,1017,1035,1039,1043,1067,1076,1088,1092,1096,1117,1126,1131],{"__ignoreMap":123},[127,857,858],{"class":129,"line":130},[127,859,860],{"class":133},"# tests\u002Ftest_ansi.py\n",[127,862,863,865],{"class":129,"line":137},[127,864,165],{"class":140},[127,866,168],{"class":151},[127,868,869,871],{"class":129,"line":155},[127,870,165],{"class":140},[127,872,176],{"class":151},[127,874,875],{"class":129,"line":162},[127,876,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,878,879,881],{"class":129,"line":171},[127,880,165],{"class":140},[127,882,883],{"class":151}," pytest\n",[127,885,886],{"class":129,"line":179},[127,887,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,889,890,892,895,897],{"class":129,"line":184},[127,891,141],{"class":140},[127,893,894],{"class":151}," mytool.ansi ",[127,896,165],{"class":140},[127,898,899],{"class":151}," strip_ansi\n",[127,901,902,904,906,908],{"class":129,"line":198},[127,903,141],{"class":140},[127,905,708],{"class":151},[127,907,165],{"class":140},[127,909,713],{"class":151},[127,911,912],{"class":129,"line":212},[127,913,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,915,916],{"class":129,"line":225},[127,917,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,919,920,922,925],{"class":129,"line":230},[127,921,238],{"class":140},[127,923,924],{"class":241}," test_strips_colours_cursor_moves_and_links",[127,926,927],{"class":151},"():\n",[127,929,930,933,935,937,939,942,945,947,950,952,955,957],{"class":129,"line":235},[127,931,932],{"class":151},"    text ",[127,934,324],{"class":140},[127,936,371],{"class":151},[127,938,565],{"class":257},[127,940,941],{"class":144},"\\x1b",[127,943,944],{"class":257},"[32mok",[127,946,941],{"class":144},[127,948,949],{"class":257},"[0m ",[127,951,941],{"class":144},[127,953,954],{"class":257},"[2K",[127,956,941],{"class":144},[127,958,959],{"class":257},"[1Gdone \"\n",[127,961,962,965,967,970,972,975,977,980,982,984],{"class":129,"line":254},[127,963,964],{"class":257},"            \"",[127,966,941],{"class":144},[127,968,969],{"class":257},"]8;;https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[127,971,613],{"class":144},[127,973,974],{"class":257},"link",[127,976,941],{"class":144},[127,978,979],{"class":257},"]8;;",[127,981,613],{"class":144},[127,983,565],{"class":257},[127,985,345],{"class":151},[127,987,988,991,994,997],{"class":129,"line":261},[127,989,990],{"class":140},"    assert",[127,992,993],{"class":151}," strip_ansi(text) ",[127,995,996],{"class":140},"==",[127,998,999],{"class":257}," \"ok done link\"\n",[127,1001,1002],{"class":129,"line":278},[127,1003,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,1005,1006],{"class":129,"line":290},[127,1007,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,1009,1010,1012,1015],{"class":129,"line":299},[127,1011,238],{"class":140},[127,1013,1014],{"class":241}," test_plain_text_is_untouched",[127,1016,927],{"class":151},[127,1018,1019,1021,1024,1027,1030,1032],{"class":129,"line":313},[127,1020,990],{"class":140},[127,1022,1023],{"class":151}," strip_ansi(",[127,1025,1026],{"class":257},"\"50% [done] ~\u002Fa.txt\"",[127,1028,1029],{"class":151},") ",[127,1031,996],{"class":140},[127,1033,1034],{"class":257}," \"50% [done] ~\u002Fa.txt\"\n",[127,1036,1037],{"class":129,"line":318},[127,1038,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,1040,1041],{"class":129,"line":348},[127,1042,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,1044,1045,1048,1051,1053,1055,1057,1060,1062,1065],{"class":129,"line":359},[127,1046,1047],{"class":241},"@pytest.mark.skipif",[127,1049,1050],{"class":151},"(os.name ",[127,1052,996],{"class":140},[127,1054,273],{"class":257},[127,1056,333],{"class":151},[127,1058,1059],{"class":336},"reason",[127,1061,324],{"class":140},[127,1063,1064],{"class":257},"\"POSIX behaviour\"",[127,1066,345],{"class":151},[127,1068,1069,1071,1074],{"class":129,"line":383},[127,1070,238],{"class":140},[127,1072,1073],{"class":241}," test_posix_always_supports_vt",[127,1075,927],{"class":151},[127,1077,1078,1080,1083,1086],{"class":129,"line":394},[127,1079,990],{"class":140},[127,1081,1082],{"class":151}," enable_vt_mode() ",[127,1084,1085],{"class":140},"is",[127,1087,356],{"class":144},[127,1089,1090],{"class":129,"line":405},[127,1091,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,1093,1094],{"class":129,"line":417},[127,1095,159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":158},[127,1097,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1115],{"class":129,"line":431},[127,1099,1047],{"class":241},[127,1101,1050],{"class":151},[127,1103,270],{"class":140},[127,1105,273],{"class":257},[127,1107,333],{"class":151},[127,1109,1059],{"class":336},[127,1111,324],{"class":140},[127,1113,1114],{"class":257},"\"needs a Windows console\"",[127,1116,345],{"class":151},[127,1118,1119,1121,1124],{"class":129,"line":437},[127,1120,238],{"class":140},[127,1122,1123],{"class":241}," test_windows_redirected_output_reports_no_console",[127,1125,927],{"class":151},[127,1127,1128],{"class":129,"line":455},[127,1129,1130],{"class":133},"    # Under pytest, stdout is captured (not a console), so VT is reported unusable.\n",[127,1132,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141,1144],{"class":129,"line":473},[127,1134,990],{"class":140},[127,1136,1082],{"class":151},[127,1138,1085],{"class":140},[127,1140,425],{"class":144},[127,1142,1143],{"class":140}," or",[127,1145,1146],{"class":151}," sys.stdout.isatty()\n",[10,1148,1149,1150,1153],{},"The hyperlink case in the first test matters: OSC 8 links are increasingly common in CLI output, and a stripping regex that only knows colour codes leaves fragments like ",[14,1151,1152],{},"]8;;https:\u002F\u002F…"," in files.",[38,1155,1157],{"id":1156},"conclusion","Conclusion",[10,1159,1160,1161,1164,1165,1167,1168,1170],{},"Literal ",[14,1162,1163],{},"←[32m"," sequences on Windows mean virtual terminal processing is off for that console. Rich and Typer handle it for you; plain Click and code that writes raw escape codes should call a small ",[14,1166,815],{}," (or colorama's ",[14,1169,508],{},") once at startup and turn colour off if it fails. Independently of the console, never send escape codes to files or pipes — check for a terminal, and strip CSI and OSC sequences from captured text before writing it. Test the stripping everywhere and the console path on a Windows runner.",[38,1172,1174],{"id":1173},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently asked questions",[83,1176,1178],{"id":1177},"why-does-the-same-program-show-colours-in-windows-terminal-but-not-in-an-old-cmd-window","Why does the same program show colours in Windows Terminal but not in an old cmd window?",[10,1180,1181,1182,1185],{},"Windows Terminal enables VT processing for every program; the legacy console host requires each program to enable it. Programs that call ",[14,1183,1184],{},"SetConsoleMode"," (or use a library that does) work in both.",[83,1187,1189,1190,1193],{"id":1188},"does-ossystem-really-fix-colours","Does ",[14,1191,1192],{},"os.system(\"\")"," really fix colours?",[10,1195,1196,1197,1200],{},"It is a well-known side effect: starting a subprocess through ",[14,1198,1199],{},"cmd"," enables VT processing on the shared console in many setups. It is undocumented behaviour and spawns a shell for nothing — use the explicit API call instead.",[83,1202,1204],{"id":1203},"are-emoji-and-box-drawing-characters-the-same-problem","Are emoji and box-drawing characters the same problem?",[10,1206,1207,1208,1211,1212,36],{},"No — those are an ",[19,1209,1210],{},"encoding"," problem, not an escape-code one. They are covered in ",[32,1213,1215],{"href":1214},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Ffixing-unicode-and-encoding-errors-on-windows\u002F","fixing Unicode and encoding errors on Windows",[83,1217,1219],{"id":1218},"should-i-enable-vt-processing-in-a-library","Should I enable VT processing in a library?",[10,1221,1222],{},"No. Changing console modes is a decision for the application's entry point. Libraries should emit plain text or use the host application's console object.",[83,1224,1226],{"id":1225},"what-about-git-bash-and-other-msys-terminals-on-windows","What about Git Bash and other MSYS terminals on Windows?",[10,1228,1229,1230,1233,1234,1236,1237,1240],{},"Mintty, the terminal behind Git Bash, interprets VT sequences itself, but programs see a pipe rather than a Windows console, so ",[14,1231,1232],{},"isatty()"," may report ",[14,1235,819],{}," and colour switches off. ",[14,1238,1239],{},"FORCE_COLOR=1"," is the escape hatch users in those terminals can set; honouring it is part of the conventions in the NO_COLOR guide.",[38,1242,1244],{"id":1243},"related","Related",[43,1246,1247,1253,1258,1263,1268],{},[46,1248,1249,1250],{},"Up: ",[32,1251,1252],{"href":34},"Cross-platform terminal compatibility",[46,1254,1255],{},[32,1256,1257],{"href":1214},"Fixing Unicode and encoding errors on Windows",[46,1259,1260],{},[32,1261,1262],{"href":526},"Respecting NO_COLOR and FORCE_COLOR",[46,1264,1265],{},[32,1266,1267],{"href":789},"Supporting dumb terminals and screen readers",[46,1269,1270],{},[32,1271,1273],{"href":1272},"\u002Fcli-runtime-systems-integration\u002Frunning-subprocesses-from-python-clis\u002Fstreaming-subprocess-output-in-real-time\u002F","Streaming subprocess output in real time",[1275,1276,1277],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.snhLl{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-default-font-weight:bold;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;--shiki-dark-font-weight:bold}",{"title":123,"searchDepth":137,"depth":137,"links":1279},[1280,1281,1282,1288,1289,1290,1291,1299],{"id":40,"depth":137,"text":41},{"id":58,"depth":137,"text":59},{"id":80,"depth":137,"text":81,"children":1283},[1284,1285,1286,1287],{"id":85,"depth":155,"text":86},{"id":108,"depth":155,"text":109},{"id":515,"depth":155,"text":516},{"id":687,"depth":155,"text":688},{"id":793,"depth":137,"text":794},{"id":846,"depth":137,"text":847},{"id":1156,"depth":137,"text":1157},{"id":1173,"depth":137,"text":1174,"children":1292},[1293,1294,1296,1297,1298],{"id":1177,"depth":155,"text":1178},{"id":1188,"depth":155,"text":1295},"Does os.system(\"\") really fix colours?",{"id":1203,"depth":155,"text":1204},{"id":1218,"depth":155,"text":1219},{"id":1225,"depth":155,"text":1226},{"id":1243,"depth":137,"text":1244},"2026-10-02","Why colour codes print as ←[31m on some Windows consoles, how virtual terminal processing fixes it, when Rich and colorama handle it for you, stripping codes from files, and tests.","intermediate",false,"md",{},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fhandling-ansi-escape-codes-on-windows-consoles",{"title":5,"description":1301},"advanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fhandling-ansi-escape-codes-on-windows-consoles\u002Findex",[1310,1311,1312,1313,1314],"windows","ansi","colour","terminals","colorama","WFafRJrnocVgXWGdycverqG1hJ8g1dfkYI6CfevZZ-c",[1317,1320,1323,1326,1329,1332,1335,1338,1341,1344,1347,1350,1353,1356,1359,1362,1365,1368,1371,1374,1377,1380,1383,1386,1389,1392,1393,1396,1399,1402,1405,1408,1411,1414,1417,1420,1423,1426,1429,1432,1435,1438,1441,1444,1447,1450,1453,1456,1459,1462,1465,1468,1471,1474,1477,1480,1483,1486,1489,1492,1495,1498,1501,1504,1507,1510,1513,1516,1519,1522,1525,1528,1531,1534,1537,1540,1543,1546,1549,1552,1555,1558,1561,1564,1567,1570,1573,1576,1579,1582,1585,1588,1591,1594,1597,1600,1603,1606,1609,1612,1615,1618,1621,1624,1627,1630,1633,1636,1639,1642,1645,1648,1651,1654,1657,1660,1663,1666,1669,1672,1675,1678,1681,1684,1687,1690,1693,1696,1699,1702,1705,1708,1711,1714,1717,1720,1723,1726,1729,1732,1735,1738,1741,1744,1747,1750,1753,1756,1759,1762,1765,1768,1771,1774,1777,1780,1783,1786,1789,1792,1795,1798,1801,1804,1807,1810,1813,1816,1819,1822,1825,1828,1831,1834,1837,1840,1843,1846,1849,1852,1855,1858,1861,1864,1867,1870,1873,1876,1879,1882,1885,1888,1891,1894,1897,1900,1903,1906,1909,1912,1915,1918,1921,1924,1927,1930,1933,1936,1939,1942,1945,1948,1951,1954,1957,1960,1963,1966,1969,1972,1975,1978,1981,1984,1987,1990,1993,1996,1999,2002,2005,2008,2011,2014,2017,2020,2023,2026,2029,2032,2035,2038,2041,2044,2047,2050,2053,2056,2059,2062,2065,2068,2071,2074,2077,2080,2083,2086,2089,2092,2095,2098,2101,2104,2107,2110,2113,2116,2119,2122,2125,2128,2131,2134,2137,2140,2143,2146,2149,2152,2155,2158],{"path":1318,"title":1319},"\u002Fabout","About Python CLI Toolcraft",{"path":1321,"title":1322},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies","Advanced Argument Validation Strategies",{"path":1324,"title":1325},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fparsing-nested-json-arguments-in-python-clis","Parsing Nested JSON Args in Python CLIs",{"path":1327,"title":1328},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-dates-and-durations-in-cli-arguments","Validating Dates and Durations in Python CLI Arguments",{"path":1330,"title":1331},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-dependent-and-conflicting-options","Validating Dependent and Conflicting CLI Options",{"path":1333,"title":1334},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-file-and-directory-paths-in-clis","Validating File and Directory Paths in CLIs",{"path":1336,"title":1337},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-urls-hosts-and-ports","Validating URLs, Hosts and Ports in Python CLI Arguments",{"path":1339,"title":1340},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fwriting-custom-click-parameter-types","Writing Custom Click Parameter Types",{"path":1342,"title":1343},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fbrowsing-records-with-a-textual-datatable","Browsing Records with a Textual DataTable Picker",{"path":1345,"title":1346},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fbuilding-your-first-textual-app","Building Your First Textual App for a Python CLI",{"path":1348,"title":1349},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fchoosing-between-a-cli-a-prompt-flow-and-a-tui","Choosing Between a CLI, a Prompt Flow and a TUI",{"path":1351,"title":1352},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual","Building Terminal UIs with Textual for Python CLIs",{"path":1354,"title":1355},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Frunning-background-work-in-textual-with-workers","Running Background Work in Textual with Workers",{"path":1357,"title":1358},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fstyling-textual-apps-with-tcss","Styling Textual Apps with TCSS",{"path":1360,"title":1361},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Ftesting-textual-apps-with-pilot","Testing Textual Apps with Pilot",{"path":1363,"title":1364},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fadding-examples-and-epilogs-to-help-output","Adding Examples and Epilogs to Help Output",{"path":1366,"title":1367},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fdocumenting-environment-variables-in-help","Documenting Environment Variables in CLI Help",{"path":1369,"title":1370},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fgenerating-man-pages-and-docs-from-a-cli","Generating Man Pages and Docs from a CLI",{"path":1372,"title":1373},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation","CLI Help Output and Documentation",{"path":1375,"title":1376},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Frich-formatted-help-with-rich-click","Rich-Formatted Help for Click CLIs with rich-click",{"path":1378,"title":1379},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fversioning-and-deprecating-cli-flags","Versioning and Deprecating CLI Flags",{"path":1381,"title":1382},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fwriting-help-text-users-actually-read","Writing Help Text Users Actually Read",{"path":1384,"title":1385},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fadapting-output-to-terminal-width","Adapting Python CLI Output to Terminal Width",{"path":1387,"title":1388},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fdetecting-ci-environments-and-non-interactive-shells","Detecting CI Environments and Non-Interactive Shells",{"path":1390,"title":1391},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Ffixing-unicode-and-encoding-errors-on-windows","Fixing Unicode and Encoding Errors on Windows in Python CLIs",{"path":1306,"title":5},{"path":1394,"title":1395},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility","Cross-Platform Terminal Compatibility for Python CLIs",{"path":1397,"title":1398},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Frespecting-no-color-and-force-color","Respecting NO_COLOR and FORCE_COLOR in Python CLIs",{"path":1400,"title":1401},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fsupporting-dumb-terminals-and-screen-readers","Supporting Dumb Terminals and Screen Readers in a Python 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