[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2147},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Freducing-pyinstaller-binary-size\u002F":3,"content-directory":1304},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":1289,"description":1290,"difficulty":1291,"draft":1292,"extension":1293,"meta":1294,"navigation":100,"path":1295,"seo":1296,"stem":1297,"tags":1298,"updated":1289,"__hash__":1303},"content\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Freducing-pyinstaller-binary-size\u002Findex.md","Reducing the Size of a PyInstaller CLI Binary",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1264},"minimark",[9,29,34,51,55,58,427,430,438,442,445,449,457,485,506,513,537,555,559,609,633,636,640,657,661,664,668,678,681,711,715,746,750,757,1157,1164,1168,1180,1184,1188,1194,1198,1206,1210,1217,1224,1227,1231,1260],[10,11,12,13,17,18,23,24,28],"p",{},"A \"hello world\" Typer CLI frozen with PyInstaller's ",[14,15,16],"code",{},"--onefile"," comes out at about 15 MB. That surprises people who expect a few hundred kilobytes, and it matters: binaries are downloaded on every CI run that installs the tool, stored in every release, and unpacked into a temporary directory on every invocation of a one-file build. Much of the advice for shrinking them is folklore — \"exclude these twenty modules\", \"always use UPX\" — and some of it produces a smaller binary that crashes the first time it prints help. This guide measures first, then applies the reductions that are safe, with real numbers from a small Typer app, and shows how to test that the slimmer binary still works. It belongs to the ",[19,20,22],"a",{"href":21},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002F","standalone binaries topic",", and builds on ",[19,25,27],{"href":26},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Fbundling-a-python-cli-with-pyinstaller\u002F","bundling a Python CLI with PyInstaller",".",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[35,36,37,45,48],"ul",{},[38,39,40,41,44],"li",{},"PyInstaller 6.x in the project's build environment (",[14,42,43],{},"uv add --group build pyinstaller",").",[38,46,47],{},"A CLI that already builds and runs as a binary.",[38,49,50],{},"The figures below were measured on Linux x86_64 with Python 3.13 and PyInstaller 6.22 for a one-command Typer app; your numbers will differ, but the proportions are typical.",[30,52,54],{"id":53},"measure-before-cutting","Measure before cutting",[10,56,57],{},"A one-file binary is a bootloader plus an archive. PyInstaller ships a reader for that archive, so a few lines of Python show where the bytes go:",[59,60,65],"pre",{"className":61,"code":62,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# scripts\u002Fbinary_report.py\nimport collections\nimport sys\n\nfrom PyInstaller.archive.readers import CArchiveReader\n\narchive = CArchiveReader(sys.argv[1])\ntop = collections.Counter()\nfor name, (_offset, compressed, *_rest) in archive.toc.items():\n    top[name.split(\"\u002F\")[0]] += compressed\nfor name, size in top.most_common(8):\n    print(f\"{size \u002F 1e6:7.2f} MB  {name}\")\n\npyz = archive.open_embedded_archive(\"PYZ.pyz\")\nmodules = collections.Counter()\nfor name, entry in pyz.toc.items():\n    modules[name.split(\".\")[0]] += entry[2] if len(entry) > 2 else 0\nprint(\"\\nlargest Python packages in PYZ:\")\nfor name, size in modules.most_common(8):\n    print(f\"{size \u002F 1e3:7.0f} kB  {name}\")\n","python","",[14,66,67,76,87,95,102,116,121,140,151,172,197,216,264,269,285,295,308,355,373,389],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,69,72],"span",{"class":70,"line":71},"line",1,[68,73,75],{"class":74},"sJ8bj","# scripts\u002Fbinary_report.py\n",[68,77,79,83],{"class":70,"line":78},2,[68,80,82],{"class":81},"szBVR","import",[68,84,86],{"class":85},"sVt8B"," collections\n",[68,88,90,92],{"class":70,"line":89},3,[68,91,82],{"class":81},[68,93,94],{"class":85}," sys\n",[68,96,98],{"class":70,"line":97},4,[68,99,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},true,"\n",[68,103,105,108,111,113],{"class":70,"line":104},5,[68,106,107],{"class":81},"from",[68,109,110],{"class":85}," PyInstaller.archive.readers ",[68,112,82],{"class":81},[68,114,115],{"class":85}," CArchiveReader\n",[68,117,119],{"class":70,"line":118},6,[68,120,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,122,124,127,130,133,137],{"class":70,"line":123},7,[68,125,126],{"class":85},"archive ",[68,128,129],{"class":81},"=",[68,131,132],{"class":85}," CArchiveReader(sys.argv[",[68,134,136],{"class":135},"sj4cs","1",[68,138,139],{"class":85},"])\n",[68,141,143,146,148],{"class":70,"line":142},8,[68,144,145],{"class":85},"top ",[68,147,129],{"class":81},[68,149,150],{"class":85}," collections.Counter()\n",[68,152,154,157,160,163,166,169],{"class":70,"line":153},9,[68,155,156],{"class":81},"for",[68,158,159],{"class":85}," name, (_offset, compressed, ",[68,161,162],{"class":81},"*",[68,164,165],{"class":85},"_rest) ",[68,167,168],{"class":81},"in",[68,170,171],{"class":85}," archive.toc.items():\n",[68,173,175,178,182,185,188,191,194],{"class":70,"line":174},10,[68,176,177],{"class":85},"    top[name.split(",[68,179,181],{"class":180},"sZZnC","\"\u002F\"",[68,183,184],{"class":85},")[",[68,186,187],{"class":135},"0",[68,189,190],{"class":85},"]] ",[68,192,193],{"class":81},"+=",[68,195,196],{"class":85}," compressed\n",[68,198,200,202,205,207,210,213],{"class":70,"line":199},11,[68,201,156],{"class":81},[68,203,204],{"class":85}," name, size ",[68,206,168],{"class":81},[68,208,209],{"class":85}," top.most_common(",[68,211,212],{"class":135},"8",[68,214,215],{"class":85},"):\n",[68,217,219,222,225,228,231,234,237,240,243,246,249,252,254,257,259,261],{"class":70,"line":218},12,[68,220,221],{"class":135},"    print",[68,223,224],{"class":85},"(",[68,226,227],{"class":81},"f",[68,229,230],{"class":180},"\"",[68,232,233],{"class":135},"{",[68,235,236],{"class":85},"size ",[68,238,239],{"class":81},"\u002F",[68,241,242],{"class":135}," 1e6",[68,244,245],{"class":81},":7.2f",[68,247,248],{"class":135},"}",[68,250,251],{"class":180}," MB  ",[68,253,233],{"class":135},[68,255,256],{"class":85},"name",[68,258,248],{"class":135},[68,260,230],{"class":180},[68,262,263],{"class":85},")\n",[68,265,267],{"class":70,"line":266},13,[68,268,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,270,272,275,277,280,283],{"class":70,"line":271},14,[68,273,274],{"class":85},"pyz ",[68,276,129],{"class":81},[68,278,279],{"class":85}," archive.open_embedded_archive(",[68,281,282],{"class":180},"\"PYZ.pyz\"",[68,284,263],{"class":85},[68,286,288,291,293],{"class":70,"line":287},15,[68,289,290],{"class":85},"modules ",[68,292,129],{"class":81},[68,294,150],{"class":85},[68,296,298,300,303,305],{"class":70,"line":297},16,[68,299,156],{"class":81},[68,301,302],{"class":85}," name, entry ",[68,304,168],{"class":81},[68,306,307],{"class":85}," pyz.toc.items():\n",[68,309,311,314,317,319,321,323,325,328,331,334,337,340,343,346,349,352],{"class":70,"line":310},17,[68,312,313],{"class":85},"    modules[name.split(",[68,315,316],{"class":180},"\".\"",[68,318,184],{"class":85},[68,320,187],{"class":135},[68,322,190],{"class":85},[68,324,193],{"class":81},[68,326,327],{"class":85}," entry[",[68,329,330],{"class":135},"2",[68,332,333],{"class":85},"] ",[68,335,336],{"class":81},"if",[68,338,339],{"class":135}," len",[68,341,342],{"class":85},"(entry) ",[68,344,345],{"class":81},">",[68,347,348],{"class":135}," 2",[68,350,351],{"class":81}," else",[68,353,354],{"class":135}," 0\n",[68,356,358,361,363,365,368,371],{"class":70,"line":357},18,[68,359,360],{"class":135},"print",[68,362,224],{"class":85},[68,364,230],{"class":180},[68,366,367],{"class":135},"\\n",[68,369,370],{"class":180},"largest Python packages in PYZ:\"",[68,372,263],{"class":85},[68,374,376,378,380,382,385,387],{"class":70,"line":375},19,[68,377,156],{"class":81},[68,379,204],{"class":85},[68,381,168],{"class":81},[68,383,384],{"class":85}," modules.most_common(",[68,386,212],{"class":135},[68,388,215],{"class":85},[68,390,392,394,396,398,400,402,404,406,409,412,414,417,419,421,423,425],{"class":70,"line":391},20,[68,393,221],{"class":135},[68,395,224],{"class":85},[68,397,227],{"class":81},[68,399,230],{"class":180},[68,401,233],{"class":135},[68,403,236],{"class":85},[68,405,239],{"class":81},[68,407,408],{"class":135}," 1e3",[68,410,411],{"class":81},":7.0f",[68,413,248],{"class":135},[68,415,416],{"class":180}," kB  ",[68,418,233],{"class":135},[68,420,256],{"class":85},[68,422,248],{"class":135},[68,424,230],{"class":180},[68,426,263],{"class":85},[10,428,429],{},"For the example app the report says:",[59,431,436],{"className":432,"code":434,"language":435,"meta":64},[433],"language-text","  10.27 MB  libpython3.13.so.1.0\n   4.71 MB  PYZ.pyz\n   0.42 MB  base_library.zip\n\nlargest Python packages in PYZ:\n   1789 kB  pygments\n    493 kB  rich\n    215 kB  typer\n    176 kB  email\n    163 kB  pydoc_data\n","text",[14,437,434],{"__ignoreMap":64},[439,440],"inline-diagram",{"name":441},"pyi-size-breakdown",[10,443,444],{},"Two-thirds of the binary is the Python interpreter's shared library, and the largest Python package is Pygments — pulled in by Rich, which Typer uses for help and error formatting. That profile is common, and it tells you where effort pays off: the interpreter library first, heavy dependencies second, standard-library trimming a distant third.",[30,446,448],{"id":447},"the-recipe","The recipe",[450,451,453,454],"h3",{"id":452},"_1-strip-symbols-strip","1. Strip symbols: ",[14,455,456],{},"--strip",[59,458,462],{"className":459,"code":460,"language":461,"meta":64,"style":64},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","pyinstaller --onefile --strip --name mytool src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py\n","bash",[14,463,464],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,465,466,470,473,476,479,482],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,467,469],{"class":468},"sScJk","pyinstaller",[68,471,472],{"class":135}," --onefile",[68,474,475],{"class":135}," --strip",[68,477,478],{"class":135}," --name",[68,480,481],{"class":180}," mytool",[68,483,484],{"class":180}," src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py\n",[10,486,487,489,490,493,494,498,499,501,502,505],{},[14,488,456],{}," removes debug symbols from the bundled shared libraries, including ",[14,491,492],{},"libpython",". Interpreters from python-build-standalone (which uv installs) and some distributions ship with symbols, so this alone took the example from ",[495,496,497],"strong",{},"15.5 MB to 13.1 MB",". It is safe for release builds; keep an unstripped build around if you ever need to debug a native crash. On Windows, ",[14,500,456],{}," has no effect — symbols live in separate ",[14,503,504],{},".pdb"," files there.",[450,507,509,510],{"id":508},"_2-compile-with-optimisation-optimize-2","2. Compile with optimisation: ",[14,511,512],{},"--optimize 2",[59,514,516],{"className":459,"code":515,"language":461,"meta":64,"style":64},"pyinstaller --onefile --strip --optimize 2 --name mytool src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py\n",[14,517,518],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,519,520,522,524,526,529,531,533,535],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,521,469],{"class":468},[68,523,472],{"class":135},[68,525,475],{"class":135},[68,527,528],{"class":135}," --optimize",[68,530,348],{"class":135},[68,532,478],{"class":135},[68,534,481],{"class":180},[68,536,484],{"class":180},[10,538,539,540,543,544,547,548,550,551,554],{},"Bytecode optimisation level 2 removes ",[14,541,542],{},"assert"," statements and docstrings from the bundled modules. That shrank the example to ",[495,545,546],{},"12.6 MB",". Check two things before adopting it: that your code does not rely on ",[14,549,542],{}," for real validation (it should not), and that nothing reads docstrings at runtime. Typer and Click build help text from your command functions' docstrings — in this test help output still worked, but verify it for your app, because a framework that reads ",[14,552,553],{},"__doc__"," lazily at runtime would lose your help text.",[450,556,558],{"id":557},"_3-exclude-only-what-you-can-prove-is-unused","3. Exclude only what you can prove is unused",[59,560,562],{"className":459,"code":561,"language":461,"meta":64,"style":64},"pyinstaller --onefile --strip --optimize 2 \\\n    --exclude-module tkinter --exclude-module unittest --exclude-module pydoc_data \\\n    --name mytool src\u002Fmytool\u002F__main__.py\n",[14,563,564,579,600],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,565,566,568,570,572,574,576],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,567,469],{"class":468},[68,569,472],{"class":135},[68,571,475],{"class":135},[68,573,528],{"class":135},[68,575,348],{"class":135},[68,577,578],{"class":135}," \\\n",[68,580,581,584,587,590,593,595,598],{"class":70,"line":78},[68,582,583],{"class":135},"    --exclude-module",[68,585,586],{"class":180}," tkinter",[68,588,589],{"class":135}," --exclude-module",[68,591,592],{"class":180}," unittest",[68,594,589],{"class":135},[68,596,597],{"class":180}," pydoc_data",[68,599,578],{"class":135},[68,601,602,605,607],{"class":70,"line":89},[68,603,604],{"class":135},"    --name",[68,606,481],{"class":180},[68,608,484],{"class":180},[10,610,611,612,615,616,620,621,624,625,628,629,632],{},"Excluding modules that are genuinely never imported is safe and saves little: these three took the example to ",[495,613,614],{},"12.4 MB",". Excluding modules that ",[617,618,619],"em",{},"are"," imported, even indirectly, breaks the binary in ways that only show up on specific code paths. The tempting target here is Pygments, the largest package — and excluding it produced a 10.8 MB binary whose ",[14,622,623],{},"--help"," crashed with ",[14,626,627],{},"ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pygments'",", because Typer's help renderer imports Rich's Markdown support, which imports ",[14,630,631],{},"rich.syntax",", which imports Pygments. Ordinary commands worked; help and error messages did not. That is exactly the failure a quick manual check misses.",[439,634],{"name":635},"pyi-size-bars",[450,637,639],{"id":638},"_4-shrink-dependencies-at-the-source","4. Shrink dependencies at the source",[10,641,642,643,647,648,652,653,656],{},"The large wins are in your dependency choices, which also improve startup time for non-frozen installs. If Rich-formatted help is not essential, Click instead of Typer avoids Rich and Pygments entirely. Optional features with heavy dependencies can move into ",[19,644,646],{"href":645},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fpackaging-python-clis-for-distribution\u002Foptional-dependencies-and-extras-for-clis\u002F","extras"," and stay out of the default binary. ",[19,649,651],{"href":650},"\u002Fmodern-python-cli-frameworks-architecture\u002Fcli-startup-performance-and-lazy-loading\u002Freducing-cli-dependency-weight\u002F","Reducing CLI dependency weight"," covers the analysis. Build the binary from a clean environment created from the lock file with ",[14,654,655],{},"--no-dev",", so test and lint tools never sneak into the analysis.",[450,658,660],{"id":659},"what-about-upx","What about UPX?",[10,662,663],{},"PyInstaller can compress binaries with UPX if it is installed. It reduces download size, but packed executables are flagged far more often by antivirus heuristics on Windows, UPX can corrupt some shared libraries (PyInstaller excludes known-bad ones, not all), and every start pays the decompression cost. For a CLI distributed to companies, the antivirus false positives alone usually outweigh the savings; leave it off and compress the release archive instead.",[30,665,667],{"id":666},"onefile-or-onedir","Onefile or onedir?",[10,669,670,671,673,674,677],{},"Size is only half the trade-off. A ",[14,672,16],{}," binary extracts its archive into a temporary directory on every run; ",[14,675,676],{},"--onedir"," ships the files unpacked.",[439,679],{"name":680},"pyi-onefile-onedir",[10,682,683,684,687,688,691,692,694,695,698,699,702,703,706,707,28],{},"In the example, the stripped one-file binary started in about ",[495,685,686],{},"130 ms","; the equivalent one-directory build, 25 MB on disk, started in about ",[495,689,690],{},"45 ms",". For a command people run hundreds of times a day, or that shell completion calls on every Tab, that difference is noticeable. A common compromise: distribute ",[14,693,676],{}," builds inside a ",[14,696,697],{},".tar.gz"," or ",[14,700,701],{},".zip"," — the archive is about as small as the one-file binary — and have the package manager or installer place a launcher on ",[14,704,705],{},"PATH",", as Homebrew and Scoop do in ",[19,708,710],{"href":709},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Fhomebrew-and-scoop-packaging-for-python-clis\u002F","Homebrew and Scoop packaging for Python CLIs",[30,712,714],{"id":713},"ux-considerations","UX considerations",[35,716,717,723,729,735],{},[38,718,719,722],{},[495,720,721],{},"Optimise for the download, not the disk."," Users notice a 40 MB download more than 40 MB on disk; compressed archives and good caching in CI matter more than the last megabyte.",[38,724,725,728],{},[495,726,727],{},"Keep error output working."," Help and error messages are the code paths least likely to be exercised in a quick check and most likely to be needed by a confused user. Never trade them for size.",[38,730,731,734],{},[495,732,733],{},"Publish the size in release notes"," if it changed significantly, especially for tools used in CI where download time is billed.",[38,736,737,740,741,745],{},[495,738,739],{},"Do not chase parity with Go binaries."," A frozen Python CLI includes an interpreter; 10–20 MB is normal. If size is critical, consider whether a ",[19,742,744],{"href":743},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Fshipping-a-cli-as-a-zipapp-with-shiv\u002F","zipapp with shiv"," and a system Python is acceptable for your users.",[30,747,749],{"id":748},"testing-the-behaviour","Testing the behaviour",[10,751,752,753,756],{},"A size reduction is only safe if the slim binary still does everything. Smoke-test the ",[617,754,755],{},"built binary"," — not the source — on the code paths that are easy to break: help, version, a usage error, a normal command and a command that renders rich output:",[59,758,760],{"className":61,"code":759,"language":63,"meta":64,"style":64},"# tests\u002Ftest_binary.py\nimport os\nimport subprocess\nfrom pathlib import Path\n\nimport pytest\n\nBINARY = Path(os.environ.get(\"MYTOOL_BINARY\", \"dist\u002Fmytool\"))\npytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(not BINARY.exists(), reason=\"binary not built\")\n\n\ndef run(*args):\n    return subprocess.run([str(BINARY), *args], capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=30)\n\n\ndef test_help_renders():\n    result = run(\"--help\")\n    assert result.returncode == 0\n    assert \"Usage\" in result.stdout\n\n\ndef test_usage_error_is_reported_not_crashed():\n    result = run(\"--definitely-not-an-option\")\n    assert result.returncode == 2\n    assert \"Traceback\" not in result.stderr\n\n\ndef test_normal_command():\n    result = run(\"--name\", \"ci\")\n    assert result.returncode == 0 and \"hello ci\" in result.stdout\n\n\ndef test_size_budget():\n    assert BINARY.stat().st_size \u003C 14_000_000, \"binary grew past its size budget\"\n",[14,761,762,767,774,781,793,797,804,808,831,861,865,869,884,935,939,943,953,968,981,994,998,1003,1013,1027,1039,1055,1060,1065,1075,1094,1116,1121,1126,1136],{"__ignoreMap":64},[68,763,764],{"class":70,"line":71},[68,765,766],{"class":74},"# tests\u002Ftest_binary.py\n",[68,768,769,771],{"class":70,"line":78},[68,770,82],{"class":81},[68,772,773],{"class":85}," os\n",[68,775,776,778],{"class":70,"line":89},[68,777,82],{"class":81},[68,779,780],{"class":85}," subprocess\n",[68,782,783,785,788,790],{"class":70,"line":97},[68,784,107],{"class":81},[68,786,787],{"class":85}," pathlib ",[68,789,82],{"class":81},[68,791,792],{"class":85}," Path\n",[68,794,795],{"class":70,"line":104},[68,796,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,798,799,801],{"class":70,"line":118},[68,800,82],{"class":81},[68,802,803],{"class":85}," pytest\n",[68,805,806],{"class":70,"line":123},[68,807,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,809,810,813,816,819,822,825,828],{"class":70,"line":142},[68,811,812],{"class":135},"BINARY",[68,814,815],{"class":81}," =",[68,817,818],{"class":85}," Path(os.environ.get(",[68,820,821],{"class":180},"\"MYTOOL_BINARY\"",[68,823,824],{"class":85},", ",[68,826,827],{"class":180},"\"dist\u002Fmytool\"",[68,829,830],{"class":85},"))\n",[68,832,833,836,838,841,844,847,850,854,856,859],{"class":70,"line":153},[68,834,835],{"class":85},"pytestmark ",[68,837,129],{"class":81},[68,839,840],{"class":85}," pytest.mark.skipif(",[68,842,843],{"class":81},"not",[68,845,846],{"class":135}," BINARY",[68,848,849],{"class":85},".exists(), ",[68,851,853],{"class":852},"s4XuR","reason",[68,855,129],{"class":81},[68,857,858],{"class":180},"\"binary not built\"",[68,860,263],{"class":85},[68,862,863],{"class":70,"line":174},[68,864,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,866,867],{"class":70,"line":199},[68,868,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,870,871,874,877,879,881],{"class":70,"line":218},[68,872,873],{"class":81},"def",[68,875,876],{"class":468}," run",[68,878,224],{"class":85},[68,880,162],{"class":81},[68,882,883],{"class":85},"args):\n",[68,885,886,889,892,895,897,899,902,904,907,910,912,915,917,919,921,923,925,928,930,933],{"class":70,"line":266},[68,887,888],{"class":81},"    return",[68,890,891],{"class":85}," subprocess.run([",[68,893,894],{"class":135},"str",[68,896,224],{"class":85},[68,898,812],{"class":135},[68,900,901],{"class":85},"), ",[68,903,162],{"class":81},[68,905,906],{"class":85},"args], ",[68,908,909],{"class":852},"capture_output",[68,911,129],{"class":81},[68,913,914],{"class":135},"True",[68,916,824],{"class":85},[68,918,435],{"class":852},[68,920,129],{"class":81},[68,922,914],{"class":135},[68,924,824],{"class":85},[68,926,927],{"class":852},"timeout",[68,929,129],{"class":81},[68,931,932],{"class":135},"30",[68,934,263],{"class":85},[68,936,937],{"class":70,"line":271},[68,938,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,940,941],{"class":70,"line":287},[68,942,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,944,945,947,950],{"class":70,"line":297},[68,946,873],{"class":81},[68,948,949],{"class":468}," test_help_renders",[68,951,952],{"class":85},"():\n",[68,954,955,958,960,963,966],{"class":70,"line":310},[68,956,957],{"class":85},"    result ",[68,959,129],{"class":81},[68,961,962],{"class":85}," run(",[68,964,965],{"class":180},"\"--help\"",[68,967,263],{"class":85},[68,969,970,973,976,979],{"class":70,"line":357},[68,971,972],{"class":81},"    assert",[68,974,975],{"class":85}," result.returncode ",[68,977,978],{"class":81},"==",[68,980,354],{"class":135},[68,982,983,985,988,991],{"class":70,"line":375},[68,984,972],{"class":81},[68,986,987],{"class":180}," \"Usage\"",[68,989,990],{"class":81}," in",[68,992,993],{"class":85}," result.stdout\n",[68,995,996],{"class":70,"line":391},[68,997,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,999,1001],{"class":70,"line":1000},21,[68,1002,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,1004,1006,1008,1011],{"class":70,"line":1005},22,[68,1007,873],{"class":81},[68,1009,1010],{"class":468}," test_usage_error_is_reported_not_crashed",[68,1012,952],{"class":85},[68,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1025],{"class":70,"line":1015},23,[68,1017,957],{"class":85},[68,1019,129],{"class":81},[68,1021,962],{"class":85},[68,1023,1024],{"class":180},"\"--definitely-not-an-option\"",[68,1026,263],{"class":85},[68,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036],{"class":70,"line":1029},24,[68,1031,972],{"class":81},[68,1033,975],{"class":85},[68,1035,978],{"class":81},[68,1037,1038],{"class":135}," 2\n",[68,1040,1042,1044,1047,1050,1052],{"class":70,"line":1041},25,[68,1043,972],{"class":81},[68,1045,1046],{"class":180}," \"Traceback\"",[68,1048,1049],{"class":81}," not",[68,1051,990],{"class":81},[68,1053,1054],{"class":85}," result.stderr\n",[68,1056,1058],{"class":70,"line":1057},26,[68,1059,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,1061,1063],{"class":70,"line":1062},27,[68,1064,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,1066,1068,1070,1073],{"class":70,"line":1067},28,[68,1069,873],{"class":81},[68,1071,1072],{"class":468}," test_normal_command",[68,1074,952],{"class":85},[68,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1087,1089,1092],{"class":70,"line":1077},29,[68,1079,957],{"class":85},[68,1081,129],{"class":81},[68,1083,962],{"class":85},[68,1085,1086],{"class":180},"\"--name\"",[68,1088,824],{"class":85},[68,1090,1091],{"class":180},"\"ci\"",[68,1093,263],{"class":85},[68,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1106,1109,1112,1114],{"class":70,"line":1096},30,[68,1098,972],{"class":81},[68,1100,975],{"class":85},[68,1102,978],{"class":81},[68,1104,1105],{"class":135}," 0",[68,1107,1108],{"class":81}," and",[68,1110,1111],{"class":180}," \"hello ci\"",[68,1113,990],{"class":81},[68,1115,993],{"class":85},[68,1117,1119],{"class":70,"line":1118},31,[68,1120,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,1122,1124],{"class":70,"line":1123},32,[68,1125,101],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":100},[68,1127,1129,1131,1134],{"class":70,"line":1128},33,[68,1130,873],{"class":81},[68,1132,1133],{"class":468}," test_size_budget",[68,1135,952],{"class":85},[68,1137,1139,1141,1143,1146,1149,1152,1154],{"class":70,"line":1138},34,[68,1140,972],{"class":81},[68,1142,846],{"class":135},[68,1144,1145],{"class":85},".stat().st_size ",[68,1147,1148],{"class":81},"\u003C",[68,1150,1151],{"class":135}," 14_000_000",[68,1153,824],{"class":85},[68,1155,1156],{"class":180},"\"binary grew past its size budget\"\n",[10,1158,1159,1160,28],{},"The usage-error test is the one that would have caught the Pygments exclusion. The size budget turns an accidental new heavy dependency into a failing test with a clear message. Run this suite in the same CI matrix that builds the binaries, as in ",[19,1161,1163],{"href":1162},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Fbuilding-cross-platform-release-binaries-in-ci\u002F","building cross-platform release binaries in CI",[30,1165,1167],{"id":1166},"conclusion","Conclusion",[10,1169,1170,1171,1173,1174,1176,1177,1179],{},"Measure the archive before cutting anything: for most CLIs the interpreter library dominates and the biggest Python package arrives through a framework you chose. ",[14,1172,456],{}," and ",[14,1175,512],{}," are the safe, worthwhile flags; module exclusions should be limited to modules you can prove are never imported; real savings come from lighter dependencies. Consider ",[14,1178,676],{}," in an archive when startup time matters, skip UPX for tools that run on corporate machines, and protect every change with a smoke test of help, errors and a size budget.",[30,1181,1183],{"id":1182},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently asked questions",[450,1185,1187],{"id":1186},"why-is-libpython-so-big","Why is libpython so big?",[10,1189,1190,1191,1193],{},"It contains the whole interpreter and, in many builds, debug symbols. ",[14,1192,456],{}," removes the symbols on Linux and macOS. The remaining size is the interpreter itself, which every frozen Python program needs.",[450,1195,1197],{"id":1196},"does-nuitka-produce-smaller-binaries","Does Nuitka produce smaller binaries?",[10,1199,1200,1201,1205],{},"Sometimes — Nuitka compiles Python to C and can leave out unused parts more aggressively — but results vary with the dependencies, and builds take much longer. ",[19,1202,1204],{"href":1203},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Fnuitka-vs-pyinstaller-for-python-clis\u002F","Nuitka vs PyInstaller for Python CLIs"," compares them.",[450,1207,1209],{"id":1208},"can-i-exclude-encodings-or-other-standard-library-modules","Can I exclude encodings or other standard-library modules?",[10,1211,1212,1213,1216],{},"Avoid it. PyInstaller already bundles only what its analysis finds, and the standard library modules it includes are usually there for a reason — ",[14,1214,1215],{},"encodings",", for instance, is needed at interpreter start-up. The savings are small and the failures are confusing.",[450,1218,1220,1221,1223],{"id":1219},"does-optimize-2-make-the-cli-faster","Does ",[14,1222,512],{}," make the CLI faster?",[10,1225,1226],{},"Marginally — fewer bytes to unmarshal and no assert checks — but not noticeably for most CLIs. Treat it as a size reduction, and verify that help text is unaffected.",[30,1228,1230],{"id":1229},"related","Related",[35,1232,1233,1239,1244,1248,1254],{},[38,1234,1235,1236],{},"Up: ",[19,1237,1238],{"href":21},"Distributing CLIs as standalone binaries",[38,1240,1241],{},[19,1242,1243],{"href":26},"Bundling a Python CLI with PyInstaller",[38,1245,1246],{},[19,1247,1204],{"href":1203},[38,1249,1250],{},[19,1251,1253],{"href":1252},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Fcode-signing-and-notarizing-cli-binaries\u002F","Code signing and notarizing CLI binaries",[38,1255,1256],{},[19,1257,1259],{"href":1258},"\u002Fmodern-python-cli-frameworks-architecture\u002Fcli-startup-performance-and-lazy-loading\u002Fprofiling-python-cli-startup-time\u002F","Profiling Python CLI startup time",[1261,1262,1263],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}",{"title":64,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":1265},[1266,1267,1268,1277,1278,1279,1280,1281,1288],{"id":32,"depth":78,"text":33},{"id":53,"depth":78,"text":54},{"id":447,"depth":78,"text":448,"children":1269},[1270,1272,1274,1275,1276],{"id":452,"depth":89,"text":1271},"1. Strip symbols: --strip",{"id":508,"depth":89,"text":1273},"2. Compile with optimisation: --optimize 2",{"id":557,"depth":89,"text":558},{"id":638,"depth":89,"text":639},{"id":659,"depth":89,"text":660},{"id":666,"depth":78,"text":667},{"id":713,"depth":78,"text":714},{"id":748,"depth":78,"text":749},{"id":1166,"depth":78,"text":1167},{"id":1182,"depth":78,"text":1183,"children":1282},[1283,1284,1285,1286],{"id":1186,"depth":89,"text":1187},{"id":1196,"depth":89,"text":1197},{"id":1208,"depth":89,"text":1209},{"id":1219,"depth":89,"text":1287},"Does --optimize 2 make the CLI faster?",{"id":1229,"depth":78,"text":1230},"2026-10-02","Measure what is inside a PyInstaller-built CLI, then shrink it safely with --strip, --optimize, careful excludes and lighter dependencies, with real before-and-after numbers.","intermediate",false,"md",{},"\u002Fproject-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Freducing-pyinstaller-binary-size",{"title":5,"description":1290},"project-setup-dependency-management\u002Fdistributing-clis-as-standalone-binaries\u002Freducing-pyinstaller-binary-size\u002Findex",[469,1299,1300,1301,1302],"binaries","size","distribution","performance","T9x2IwLeeGOZkZy1Fr4To2mGv8cyLigDMRsATpJY9Xs",[1305,1308,1311,1314,1317,1320,1323,1326,1329,1332,1335,1338,1341,1344,1347,1350,1353,1356,1359,1362,1365,1368,1371,1374,1377,1380,1383,1386,1389,1392,1395,1398,1401,1404,1407,1410,1413,1416,1419,1422,1425,1428,1431,1434,1437,1440,1443,1446,1449,1452,1455,1458,1461,1464,1467,1470,1473,1476,1479,1482,1485,1488,1491,1494,1497,1500,1503,1506,1509,1512,1515,1518,1521,1524,1527,1530,1533,1536,1539,1542,1545,1548,1551,1554,1557,1560,1563,1566,1569,1572,1575,1578,1581,1584,1587,1590,1593,1596,1599,1602,1605,1608,1611,1614,1617,1620,1623,1626,1629,1632,1635,1638,1641,1644,1647,1650,1653,1656,1659,1662,1665,1668,1671,1674,1677,1680,1683,1686,1689,1692,1695,1698,1701,1704,1707,1710,1713,1716,1719,1722,1724,1727,1730,1733,1736,1739,1742,1745,1748,1751,1754,1757,1760,1763,1766,1769,1772,1775,1778,1781,1784,1787,1790,1793,1796,1799,1802,1805,1808,1811,1814,1817,1820,1823,1826,1829,1832,1835,1838,1841,1844,1847,1850,1853,1856,1859,1862,1865,1868,1871,1874,1877,1880,1883,1886,1889,1892,1895,1898,1901,1904,1907,1910,1913,1916,1919,1922,1925,1928,1931,1934,1937,1940,1943,1946,1949,1952,1955,1958,1960,1963,1966,1969,1972,1973,1976,1979,1982,1985,1988,1991,1994,1997,2000,2003,2006,2009,2012,2015,2018,2021,2024,2027,2030,2033,2036,2039,2042,2045,2048,2051,2054,2057,2060,2063,2066,2069,2072,2075,2078,2081,2084,2087,2090,2093,2096,2099,2102,2105,2108,2111,2114,2117,2120,2123,2126,2129,2132,2135,2138,2141,2144],{"path":1306,"title":1307},"\u002Fabout","About Python CLI Toolcraft",{"path":1309,"title":1310},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies","Advanced Argument Validation Strategies",{"path":1312,"title":1313},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fparsing-nested-json-arguments-in-python-clis","Parsing Nested JSON Args in Python CLIs",{"path":1315,"title":1316},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-dates-and-durations-in-cli-arguments","Validating Dates and Durations in Python CLI Arguments",{"path":1318,"title":1319},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-dependent-and-conflicting-options","Validating Dependent and Conflicting CLI Options",{"path":1321,"title":1322},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-file-and-directory-paths-in-clis","Validating File and Directory Paths in CLIs",{"path":1324,"title":1325},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fvalidating-urls-hosts-and-ports","Validating URLs, Hosts and Ports in Python CLI Arguments",{"path":1327,"title":1328},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fadvanced-argument-validation-strategies\u002Fwriting-custom-click-parameter-types","Writing Custom Click Parameter Types",{"path":1330,"title":1331},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fbrowsing-records-with-a-textual-datatable","Browsing Records with a Textual DataTable Picker",{"path":1333,"title":1334},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fbuilding-your-first-textual-app","Building Your First Textual App for a Python CLI",{"path":1336,"title":1337},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fchoosing-between-a-cli-a-prompt-flow-and-a-tui","Choosing Between a CLI, a Prompt Flow and a TUI",{"path":1339,"title":1340},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual","Building Terminal UIs with Textual for Python CLIs",{"path":1342,"title":1343},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Frunning-background-work-in-textual-with-workers","Running Background Work in Textual with Workers",{"path":1345,"title":1346},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Fstyling-textual-apps-with-tcss","Styling Textual Apps with TCSS",{"path":1348,"title":1349},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fbuilding-terminal-uis-with-textual\u002Ftesting-textual-apps-with-pilot","Testing Textual Apps with Pilot",{"path":1351,"title":1352},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fadding-examples-and-epilogs-to-help-output","Adding Examples and Epilogs to Help Output",{"path":1354,"title":1355},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fdocumenting-environment-variables-in-help","Documenting Environment Variables in CLI Help",{"path":1357,"title":1358},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fgenerating-man-pages-and-docs-from-a-cli","Generating Man Pages and Docs from a CLI",{"path":1360,"title":1361},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation","CLI Help Output and Documentation",{"path":1363,"title":1364},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Frich-formatted-help-with-rich-click","Rich-Formatted Help for Click CLIs with rich-click",{"path":1366,"title":1367},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fversioning-and-deprecating-cli-flags","Versioning and Deprecating CLI Flags",{"path":1369,"title":1370},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcli-help-output-and-documentation\u002Fwriting-help-text-users-actually-read","Writing Help Text Users Actually Read",{"path":1372,"title":1373},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fadapting-output-to-terminal-width","Adapting Python CLI Output to Terminal Width",{"path":1375,"title":1376},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fdetecting-ci-environments-and-non-interactive-shells","Detecting CI Environments and Non-Interactive Shells",{"path":1378,"title":1379},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Ffixing-unicode-and-encoding-errors-on-windows","Fixing Unicode and Encoding Errors on Windows in Python CLIs",{"path":1381,"title":1382},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Fhandling-ansi-escape-codes-on-windows-consoles","Handling ANSI Escape Codes on Windows Consoles",{"path":1384,"title":1385},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility","Cross-Platform Terminal Compatibility for Python CLIs",{"path":1387,"title":1388},"\u002Fadvanced-input-parsing-user-experience\u002Fcross-platform-terminal-compatibility\u002Frespecting-no-color-and-force-color","Respecting NO_COLOR and FORCE_COLOR in Python 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